Time line:
- 1918: born in Transkei, South Africa.
- 1942: qualified in law.
- 1944: joined the African National Congress.
- 1948: engaged in resistance against the ruling National Party's apartheid policies.
- 1956-1961: went on trial for treason.
- 1961: acquitted .
- 1962: arrested and sentenced to five years' imprisonment with hard labour.
- 1963: brought to stand trial with many fellow leaders of the ANC and the Umkhonto we Sizwe for plotting to overthrow the government by violence.
- 1964: sentenced to life imprisonment.
- 1964-1982: incarcerated at Robben Island Prison, off Cape Town; thereafter, at Pollsmoor Prison, nearby on the mainland.
- 1990: released.
- 1991: elected President of the ANC at the first national conference of the ANC held inside South Africa.
- 1993: recieved The Nobel peace prize.
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